![]() The quantum theory used to describe the small particles in the world, and the general theory of relativity used to describe the larger objects world, are also difficult to reconcile. It can't explain gravity, for example, because it is incompatible with our best explanation of how gravity works - general relativity, nor does it explain dark matter particles. This development was exciting because the Standard Model has left some questions unanswered for years, so scientists are keen to break free of it and find new theories. This new particle, if it exists, would not fit into the description given by the Standard Model and so would lead to a whole new area of particle physics. Some have suggested it might even lead to the discovery of a fifth fundamental force. The forces work over different ranges and have different strengths. The Standard Model says everything in the universe is made from the most basic building blocks called fundamental particles, that are governed by four forces: gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear. While the Standard Model of Physics was completed with the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson, it does not account for certain phenomena, including dark matter. ‘Classical physics failed to explain a number of phenomena and, as a result, it needed to be revolutionized with new concepts, such as relativity and quantum physics, leading to the creation of what we know now as modern physics.’ ‘Physics today is at a crossroads similar to the times of Einstein and the fathers of Quantum Mechanics,’ says Professor Bruce Mellado, team leader of the HEP group at Wits. The Madala boson hypothesis describes an entirely new boson and field that interacts with dark matter. The researchers collaborated with scientists in India and Sweden, and when the experiment at the LHC was repeated in 20, the team found the findings lined up with those which had triggered their hypothesis. Scientists with the High Energy Physics Group (HEP) at the University of Witwatersrand formulated their initial hypothesis based on CERN experiments in 2012, when the Higgs boson was discovered.
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